A significant effort from multiple agencies is being focused around the Blacksmith fork and little bear watersheds. This project will facilitate and coordinate these efforts to maximize any funds received. Needs are varied and will be addressed by the coordinated effort. Juniper trees have encroached into the sagebrush, mountain shrub and Aspen communities that provide critical summer and winter ranges for deer, elk and moose and habitat for sage-grouse. There is a robust mahogany component in the area but they have very little to no recruitment. By removing junipers there will be an increase in grasses and forbs along with water and the space left by the junipers will hopefully promote mahogany recruitment. There are areas where junipers are very dense in phase II and III. Invasive weeds are threatening the Intermountain West with negative impacts on wildlife habitat, native plant communities, soil and watershed resources, recreation, and aesthetic values. A shift from native vegetation to invasive weeds decrease wildlife forage, reduces species diversity, and increases soil erosion. Activities associated with pinyon and juniper removal often serve as a source for new noxious weed invasions, and can also spread existing infestations. An attempt to control the spread of noxious weeds in this area will preserve the value of previous habitat improvements associated with vegetation removal, and prevent spread to other areas. Utah's boreal toad populations have experienced declines statewide with a notable decrease observed in the Monte Cristo mountain range toad population. In the early 2000's, the Monte Cristo toad population was considered stable and toads were distributed throughout the range; however, in recent years toads have only been observed at a few sites and population estimates have decreased. The sites in this area are primarily spring fed stock ponds with insufficient shallow shoreline and little to no submergent and/or emergent vegetation present. Historically, these ponds were interconnected via spring channels, but as Utah has experienced record drought conditions this connectivity has been eliminated. As conditions have deteriorated, the sites have become less conducive to the habitat requirements needed by boreal toad, and instead have become more favorable to tiger salamander population dynamics. Thus, the loss of habitat complexity coupled with the impact of tiger salamander predation has likely led to the decline in the Monte Cristo toad population. The goal of this project is to increase the habitat complexity at two known boreal toad sites -- Buck Spring and Upper Davenport Spring. By increasing the overall habitat complexity, this project should provide ample habitat for all boreal toad life stages, as well as provide additional refuge from tiger salamanders. Both channel downcutting and drought are listed as having a high threat impact for Bonneville cutthroat trout. Several portions of the proposed project will address these threats. 1) Juniper removal will increase flows to area streams. Several areas within the project area have very dense juniper (phase II and III). Juniper are highly competitive and often alter the amount and distribution of water. 2) Beaver Dam Analog (BDA) construction will help hold water longer upstream, while retaining sediment and reducing downcutting along streams. BDAs will be constructed in the Little Bear and Blacksmith Fork watersheds, both import Bonneville cutthroat trout streams. Bats benefit from open flat water where they can skim the surface to drink and capture prey insects. This work will increase the amount of ponds in the watershed allow bats such as the Little brown myotis and the Townsend's big eared bat to expand foraging ranges.

To remove junipers thus providing increased forage for sage-grouse, deer, elk, moose, cattle and sheep. To increase the above ground water flow in the area and new habitat for sage-grouse, deer, elk, moose, cattle and sheep. To reduce fuel load to mitigate intensity and severity of future fires. Controlling the spread of noxious weed infestations within the project area will further enhance habitat improvements. Renovate two known boreal toad sites -- Buck Spring and Upper Davenport Spring. The ponds will be excavated to provide shallow shoreline habitat and a series of additional ponds will be constructed to increase the landscape complexity. Increase water quality and quantity for wildlife and livestock by installing BDAs along several creeks in the watershed. Work with two landowners to reduce erosion in two very eroded locations, and provide bank stability and fish habitat at these locations.

Not doing the project will result in continued expansion of the junipers resulting in a loss of more under story, aspen communities, water resources and an overall increase in the risk of catastrophic wildfire. Waiting to implement could result in crossing a threshold wherein future restoration would become much more difficult, cost prohibitive, or even impossible. Burdock, spotted knapweed, Canada thistle, bull thistle, field bindweed, houndstongue, and dyer's woad have all been documented within the project area. Adverse impacts as a result of noxious weed invasion include a change in the composition of native plant communities, a decrease in biological diversity, undesired shifts in wildlife populations, increased soil disturbance and surface water runoff, decreased water quality, decreased recreational opportunities, and increased economic costs. Many wildlife species are linked to specific native plant communities that are degraded by invasive species. Loss of these communities can lead to higher mortality due to lack of cover and forage. Additionally, the conversion of native perennials to an annual plant mono-culture creates a landscape inhospitable to many pollinator species. Reduction or loss of key pollinators can reduce wildlife forage, and indirectly lead to lower wildlife populations. The Monte Cristo boreal toad population was historically stable and widely distributed, but as conditions have deteriorated there has been observed decline in population size and distribution. Ample habitat is required for continued persistence of boreal toad in this range and if this habitat deteriorates further, this population could become locally extirpated which would impact the species status statewide (e.g., species S-Rank). Installing BDAs and improving these riparian areas would greatly benefit the Greater-Sage Grouse. A recent study (Donelly et. al. 2014) reveals a strong link between wet sites, which are essential summer habitat for sage grouse to raise their broods, and the distribution of sage grouse breeding areas or leks. This project area has several springs that are critical summer and brood rearing areas for grouse. Some of the most forb diverse habitats are those around water and by improving these critical riparian areas we are improving pollinator habitat. Several locations have been identified as valuable for BDA installation due to down-cutting or the lack of beaver activity. These structures will improve the riparian areas for a number of critical big game and threatened species such as greater sage grouse and monarchs. Adaptive management with BDA is critical for success. We will revisit previous phases and build upon what has been done to ensure long term impact of structures. Not doing this work will result in the loss of a road to two different houses and further loss of property from future spring runoff events. 2023 record high flows created these issues and cannot be ignored.

Utah's Sage-grouse strategic Management plan: Goal: Protect, maintain, enhance, and restore greater sage-grouse populations, habitats, and the ecosystems that sustain them. Reestablish, augment, and facilitate sustainable populations of greater sage-grouse in suitable habitats to improve statewide population continuity and distribution. Objective B-2: Enhance and restore current and potential sage-grouse habitats and the ecosystems that sustain them. Objective C-2: Identify and secure funding for habitat enhancement, research, monitoring, and maintenance. A. Vegetation management. 1. Manage seasonal sage-grouse habitats in a manner appropriate to the site conditions, and based on habitat assessment or local expert knowledge and observed ecological condition. and 4. Manage for late summer brood-rearing habitat that includes a variety of succulent vegetation adjacent to sagebrush escape and loafing cover. Create or enhance riparian/wet meadow habitat in areas where late brood-rearing habitat is lacking. Strive to manage sagebrush habitats with 10-25% canopy cover. Forest Plan of the Uinta-Wasatch-Cache National Forest Forest wide Goals: 3-Biodiversity & Viability, Goal 3d, Goal 3f., Goal 3g. Goal 3o., The project is consistent with the following Forest Plan Objectives: 3.d. Increase grass and forb production and plant species and age class diversity in sagebrush and pinyon/juniper by treating approximately 2,000 acres average annually for a 10-year total of 20,000 acres. Utah Elk Statewide Management Plan: Statewide goal A, Strategy r.Properly manage elk populations to minimize competition with mule deer on crucial mule deer range. Habitat Management Goal B: Habitat Objective 1. Maintain elk habitat throughout the state by identifying and protecting existing crucial elk habitat and mitigating for losses due to human impacts. Strategies A. and B. Habitat Objective 2:Improve the quality and quantity of forage and cover on 250,000 acres of elk habitat with emphasis on calving habitat and upper elevation elk winter range by the end of this plan. Strategies c, d e, h. and j. Statewide Management Plan for Mule Deer: Habitat Goal and Habitat Objective 1, Strategies a, and b. Habitat Objective 2 and strategies, B, C, D, E, F and H. Habitat Objective 1: Maintain mule deer habitat throughout the state by protecting and enhancing existing crucial habitats and mitigating for losses due to natural and human impacts. d. Minimize impacts and recommend mitigation for losses of crucial habitat due to human impacts. k. Where appropriate, work with county, federal and state land management agencies to adopt seasonal motorized route closures to minimize human disturbance in existing crucial mule deer habitats. l. Work with county, state, and federal agencies to limit the negative effects of roads by reclaiming unused roads, properly planning new roads, and installing fencing and highway passage structures where roads disrupt normal mule deer migration patterns. Habitat Objective 2: Improve the quality and quantity of vegetation for mule deer on a minimum of 500,000 acres of crucial range by 2019. e. Continue to support and provide leadership for the Utah Watershed Restoration Initiative, which emphasizes improving sagebrush-steppe, aspen, and riparian habitats throughout Utah. f. Seek opportunities through the Watershed Restoration Initiative to improve aspen communities that provide crucial summer habitat for mule deer. DEER HERD UNIT MANAGEMENT PLAN, Deer Herd Unit # 2 (Cache) Meets habitat goals and objecitives for this plan. * Logan, Green, Providence and Blacksmith Fork Canyons. Projects should be focused on removal of encroaching juniper, and reestablishing understory with winter browse species as well as species of plants that can be used in the spring by wintering deer. ELK HERD UNIT MANAGEMENT PLAN Elk Herd Unit # 2 Cache: Habitat objective: Maintain and/or enhance forage production through direct range improvements throughout the unit on winter range to achieve population management objectives. Pay special attention to WMA's and areas were holding elk could alleviate pressure on private landowners experiencing damage by wintering elk.Work with private and federal agencies to maintain and protect critical and existing winter range from future losses. UTAH MOOSE STATEWIDE MANAGEMENT PLAN C. Habitat - The primary limiting factor for moose in Utah and across their range is the availability of suitable habitat. - Moose have done well in drier habitats in northern Utah which are dominated by mountain mahogany, Gambel oak, serviceberry, quaking aspen, and burned over coniferous forests A. Habitat Degradation or Loss. - The single biggest influence on moose populations in Utah is the quantity and quality of available habitat. Habitat can be degraded, fragmented, or lost to a variety of causes including human development and plant succession B. Habitat Management Goal: Assure sufficient habitat is available to sustain healthy and productive moose populations. Strategies -- A,D,E Logan Ranger District Travel Management Plan implementation; Wasatch-Cache Forest Plan; Forestwide Goal 3-Biodiversity & Viability Provide for sustained diversity of species at the genetic, populations, community and ecosystem levels. Maintain communities within their historic range of variation that sustains habitats for viable populations of species. Restore or maintain hydrologic functions. Reduce potential for uncharacteristic high-intensity wildfires, and insect epidemics. 3m. Provide for connectivity of continuous large patches of forested habitat for interior forest-dependent and wide-ranging species (such as lynx, wolverine and migratory birds). 3o. Provide adequate habitat components for sustainable big game populations coordinated with State wildlife management agencies, private lands and other resource needs and priorities. 3s. Greatly reduce known infestations of noxious weeds and rigorously prevent their introduction and/or spread. Guidelines for Biodiversity and Viability: (G26) Protect key big game calving, fawning and lambing habitat and provide security in summer concentration areas. Greater Sage-grouse ROD, Greater sage-grouse Utah Plan Amendment (FS 2015). GRSG-GRSGH-GL-032-(UT) In priority and general habitat management areas, sagebrush focal areas, and Anthro Mountain, native plant species should be used when possible to maintain, restore, or enhance desired conditions (Table GRSG-GEN-DC3) in Utah. (Amendment #13, September 2015) State of Utah's new Greater Sage-Grouse Management Plan (2009) --M2 Maintain/protect large contiguous intact sagebrush communities that contain seasonal habitat needs of sage-grouse populations within the state. Wasatch-Cache Forest Plan; Forestwide Goal 3-Biodiversity & Viability Provide for sustained diversity of species at the genetic, populations, community and ecosystem levels. Maintain communities within their historic range of variation that sustains habitats for viable populations of species. Restore or maintain hydrologic functions. Reduce potential for uncharacteristic high-intensity wildfires, and insect epidemics. 2a. Identify areas not in properly functioning condition. Improve plant species composition, ground cover and age class diversity in these areas. 2j. Maintain and/or restore habitat to sustain populations of well distributed native and desired non-native plant, vertebrate, and invertebrate populations that contribute to viability of riparian dependent communities. 3m. Provide for connectivity of continuous large patches of forested habitat for interior forest-dependent and wide-ranging species (such as lynx, wolverine and migratory birds). 3o. Provide adequate habitat components for sustainable big game populations coordinated with State wildlife management agencies, private lands and other resource needs and priorities. 3s. Greatly reduce known infestations of noxious weeds and rigorously prevent their introduction and/or spread. Guidelines for Biodiversity and Viability: (G25) Integrated weed management should be used to maintain or restore habitats for threatened, endangered, proposed and sensitive plants and other native species of concern where they are threatened by noxious weeds or nonnative plants. When treating noxious weeds comply with policy in Intermountain Region's Forest Service Manual 2080, Supplement #R4 2000-2001-1 (Appendix III). (G26) Protect key big game calving, fawning and lambing habitat and provide security in summer concentration areas. Greater Sage-grouse ROD, Greater sage-grouse Utah Plan Amendment (FS 2015). GRSG-GRSGH-GL-032-(UT) In priority and general habitat management areas, sagebrush focal areas, and Anthro Mountain, native plant species should be used when possible to maintain, restore, or enhance desired conditions (Table GRSG-GEN-DC3) in Utah. (Amendment #13, September 2015) State of Utah's new Greater Sage-Grouse Management Plan (2009) --M2 Maintain/protect large contiguous intact sagebrush communities that contain seasonal habitat needs of sage-grouse populations within the state. 5. Utah Moose Statewide Management Plan: -Initiate prescribed burns and other vegetative treatment projects to improve moose habitat lost to ecological succession or human impacts. Utah Boreal Toad Conservation Plan -- maintain or restore multiple, viable breeding populations in nine of the 14 areas where boreal toad has historically occurred. Conservation Actions: 3. Identify and reduce threats from habitat loss and degradation. 3.2 Habitat Fragmentation. 3.2.1 Prevent further habitat fragmentation of breeding populations. 3.2.2. Restore historic dispersal corridors where possible. 3.2.2.b Improve habitat conditions in degraded dispersal corridors where appropriate. 3.9 Water Management 3.9.1. Prevent habitat fragmentation associated with water management. 3.9.1.b Prevent de-watering of dispersal corridors due to water diversion or impoundment. 3.9.1.c Prevent filling or draining of wetlands between occupied habitats. 3.9.2 Minimize habitat loss and degradation associated with water management. 3.9.2.b Minimize de-watering of habitat due to diversion or impoundment. 3.9.3 Create, restore, and maintain new habitats through water management. 3.9.3.a Create shallow shoreline margins in new impoundments. 3.9.3.b Deepen impoundments to maintain sufficient water levels through metamorphosis. 3.9.3.c Create new wetlands according to boreal toad breeding habitat Requirements 6. Restore populations in suitable historic and potential habitats. 6.4 Establish new populations via translocation. 6.4.1 Determine habitats suitable for toad introduction or reintroduction. 7. Identify and reduce threats from predators. 7.3 Reduce or eliminate predation where necessary. Utah Wildlife Action Plan - identified as a Species of Greatest Conservation Need. The plan also identifies habitat shifting and alteration, water management, and drought as primary threats of boreal toads according the threat assessment. This project's objectives are a critical component to those found in the Coldwater Forest Stewardship Plan, which specifically outlines the following management objective: 1) Maintain or enhance wildlife use and habitat on the property with an emphasis on grouse, elk, turkey, and mule deer. The stream bank stabilization part of this project relates directly to two different parts of DWR Aquatic plans in building more fish habitat in areas that may be lacking or insufficient as well as working with partners to diversify projects and benefit the resources we are conserving.

This will reduce the fuel load as the scattered juniper trees break down and decrease the risk of a crown fire. Noxious weeds alter fire regimes, producing a landscape more vulnerable to wildfire. Control of noxious weeds will help decrease the threat of wildfire, and in turn protect the wildlife habitat and recreational opportunities in this area. Catastrophic wildfires can have devastating effects on amphibian populations and although this project does not directly address the risk of fire and fuels, it does improve the resiliency of aquatic species to handle fire effects through providing additional riparian habitat. Added BDA structures will provide potential drafting sites to be used in the event of a wildfire. Widened riparian areas around BDA locations will create wider buffers to essentially act as fuel breaks.

BDAs will help hold water longer upstream, while retaining sediment and reducing downcutting along the streams. Water tables will rise with the installation of BDAs and increase the amount of riparian vegetation. BDA will be installed in the Little Bear and Blacksmith Fork watersheds, which provids a critical water source for Paradise and Avon Cities, the Blacksmith Fork River and provides important agricultural water for Cache Valley. Reducing streambank erosion will reduce phosphorus in the river and improve water quality for people and wildlife downstream.

NEPA has been completed for the mastication portion of this project on USFS land. Archeological clearances were completed with the FY21 funding. Where USFWS funds/contribution occur, USFWS Partners biologist will complete compliance on private lands prior to work being implemented. Stream Alteration Permits are already in place for BDAs in the streams we will work in. Any modifications needed will be communicated to the Division of Water Rights.

For Juniper Thinning/Removal Hire a contractors to masticate junipers and conduct the lop and scatter. Crews will be instructed not to cut mahogany. The project area will not be grazed the year after seeding to maximize the seeding success. The FS will perform quality control to ensure the objectives are met. Noxious Weed Control; A contractor will be used to survey and treat noxious weeds within the project area. Previously mapped noxious weed populations will be verified, and new populations will be recorded as treatment occurs. Accurate identification, mapping, and data entry is essential to ensuring previously known infestations are treated annually, and in determining efficacy of treatments. Chemical control will be the primary treatment method, but manual control may be utilized as appropriate. Herbicides will be applied by qualified applicators. The contractor will use their own equipment, personal protection equipment, and herbicide to treat weeds. For Boreal Toad Habitat: 1) Excavate the ponds in a way that provides shallow shoreline habitat that is conducive to boreal toad rearing requirements. 2) Create a series of small, shallow ponds below the main ponds. 3) Notch the main ponds and allow the water to flow between the ponds creating additional riparian/wetted habitat in the corridors. For BDAs: BDAs will be installed in several locations to promote beaver activity and decrease stream flow to improve water quality and riparian areas. Shrub planting: Shrubs will be purchased as container stock and planted by hand. GBRC crew will haul rock and other materials on site and create necessary structures to stabilize banks, eliminate headcuts, and reduce erosion. Engineer and biologist will reseed and revegetate the areas after heavy equipment work is finished. This will include spreading seed and planting cuttings of willow and cottonwood.

The project will be monitored and approved by FS fuels specialist, FS biologist and DWR biologist. DWR will also monitor treatments from big game utilization through surveys and collared animals. Post treatment and monitoring photos will be uploaded to the WRI database. Range monitoring data will be collected. Plans to monitor the project will include a geospatial change analysis that will measure vegetation change, surface water, etc. Also, mark/recapture surveys and visual encounter surveys will be used to assess toad population changes at these sites. These sites have been surveyed for over 20 years, thus there is plenty of data available to compare post-treatment results to. USFWS PFW will work with partners to complete some of the monitoring described, as well as doing our own photo point monitoring. As part of the USFWS landowner agreement, USFWS biologist will visit the sites at minimum once per year to assess needs, success, failures, and the need for any follow-up treatments/maintenance for the duration of the 10-year Landowner Agreement. FFSL will accompany the landowner yearly to assess treatment success in regards to BDA success, forage improvement, and wildlife usage. Qualitative monitoring will be done to establish photo points. Portions of this project will be mapped using UAV technologies when will aid in contract monitoring and pre and post condition assessment of the treatments. Stream bank stabilization monitoring will happen each summer/fall for two to three years after implementation to assess erosion along the banks and recruitment of plants in the disturbed areas

UDWR, USFS, USFWS, FFSL, Trout Unlimited, and private landowners. USFWS PFW has accompanied partners on site visits to the property and is in agreement with project objectives. PFW is supportive of improving wildlife habitat across the property with our emphasis being on the property's eastern side. The eastern side of the property falls into a core sagebrush area and has Mill Creek and Sheep Creek passing through. Installing BDA's and improving these riparian areas would greatly benefit the Greater-Sage Grouse. A recent study (Donelly et. al. 2014) reveals a strong link between wet sites, which are essential summer habitat for sage grouse to raise their broods, and the distribution of sage grouse breeding areas or leks. This project area has several springs that are critical summer and brood rearing areas for grouse. Monarch butterflies, a USFWS candidate species, would also benefit from improving riparian areas. Some of the most forb diverse habitats are those around water and by improving these critical riparian areas we are improving pollinator habitat. Furthermore, conservationists are coming to realize the importance of late season forb vegetation for migrating monarch butterflies. Late season food sources are necessary to get them through migration and to winter habitats in Mexico and California and riparian areas supply those late season nectar sources. Lastly, this project would also benefit the federally threatened Ute Ladies'-tresses,if they are present on the property. While Ute Ladies'-tresses has not been observed on the property, USFWS's iPac research site shows that the property has the appropriate habitat to support it. USFWS PFW's contribution for this phase of the project will primarily be in-kind and include: supplying posts for BDA's, technical advice, assisting with project implementation, monitoring, and having the landowner sign a 10 year agreement. UDWR staff is coordinating planning and work with partners, will manage contracts where needed, and carrying out implementation of mastication, lop and scatter, WMA BDAs, and pond enhancements. FFSL is facilitating the work done on private land USFS will assist in planning and implementation of Mastication and pond enhancements Trout Unlimited will assist in planning, design, and implementation of the project as well as monitoring afterwards.

More lop and scatter and bullhog treatments will occur along with retreatment of previous phases if deemed necessary. With improved access to Hardware Plateau conduct treatments to diversify sagebrush age classes and understory vegetation in future phases. The FS and DWR will continue to monitor and treat this area utilizing agreements with partners, volunteers, or future WRI maintenance requests. To be effective, weed treatments should continue for at least three consecutive years. The FS and DWR will continue to monitor and treat this area utilizing agreements with partners, volunteers, or future WRI maintenance requests. Costs associated with this project are expected to decrease as weed infestations in the area are controlled and eradicated. Continue annual monitoring surveys and determine if these improvements can be made at other sites in the range. USFWS Partners Program: As part of the landowner agreement with USFWS the landowner agrees to leave the habitat restored in place for a 10-year period and during that time will work with the USFWS biologist to monitor and access needs, success, and any needed adaptive management.

Will increase production and water availability in the areas of treatment. Cattle and sheep are run through the South Cache Grazing Association among others. Pete's Hollow is an active sheep allotment. Range monitoring data will be collected. Previous phases have increased available forage to both livestock and wildlife. Similar results are anticipated with this phase. The Cinnamon Creek WMA is an area that is being protected for recreational users. Recreational users will include hunters, fisherman, hikers, and motorized users. This project will primarily benefit hunters and fisherman because of the increase in quality habitat for elk, mule deer, and bonneville cutthroat trout. There will also be visual improvements (healthy wet meadow) that everybody who visits the area will be able to enjoy. Brown and Rainbow Trout in these areas will move out and onto close publicly accessible areas.