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Cottonwood Springs Bullhog II
Region: Northeastern
ID: 3883
Project Status: Completed
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Project Details
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Need for Project
Treatment will be improve sagebrush habitat for sage-grouse, improve vegetative resilency to drought, and lower fire intensity in the event of wildfire. PJ outcompetes sagebrush, grass & forbs which equates to direct habitat loss, especially for sage-grouse. There is evidence of avoidance, or reduced use of areas where PJ cover reaches 4% cover or higher (Freese 2009; Doherty et al. 2008, 2010) and with the removal of PJ in the those areas, sage-grouse male numbers on leks have increased after PJ removal (Commons et al. 1999).
Provide evidence about the nature of the problem and the need to address it. Identify the significance of the problem using a variety of data sources. For example, if a habitat restoration project is being proposed to benefit greater sage-grouse, describe the existing plant community characteristics that limit habitat value for greater sage-grouse and identify the changes needed for habitat improvement.
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Objectives
Remove PJ from 859 acres where it has encroached into the sagebrush community to improve wildlife habitat and reduce fire intensity in the event of wildfire. 803 acres has been completed during the first phase of implementation on the BLM section of the project.
Provide an overall goal for the project and then provide clear, specific and measurable objectives (outcomes) to be accomplished by the proposed actions. If possible, tie to one or more of the public benefits UWRI is providing.
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Project Location/Timing Justification (Why Here? Why Now?)
Threats/Risks include loss of sagebrush habitat by encroachment, drought, and wildfire. Along with the habitat implications that PJ encroachment can cause, we are also trying to eliminate the need for the greater sage-grouse to be listed under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 2015/2016 by improving habitat for sage-grouse. There are several sage grouse leks within close proximity to the treatment areas. If conifer encroachment continues these leks may see a reduction in use by sage-grouse and ultimately abandonment if PJ encroachment reaches Phase III.
LOCATION: Justify the proposed location of this project over other areas, include publicly scrutinized planning/recovery documents that list this area as a priority, remote sensing modeling that show this area is a good candidate for restoration, wildlife migration information and other data that help justify this project's location.
TIMING: Justify why this project should be implemented at this time. For example, Is the project area at risk of crossing an ecological or other threshold wherein future restoration would become more difficult, cost prohibitive, or even impossible.
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Relation to Management Plans
Area is identified in Vernal District BLM Fire Management Plan (FMP) and Range Management Plan (RMP). Vernal BLM Fire Management Plan *Achieve the desired mix of seral stages for the Pinyon-Juniper and mountain big sage vegetative types. *Create fuel breaks within the Wyoming sagebrush type to prevent unplanned fires from removing large amounts of sagebrush. Reduce fuel loads. Vernal RMP ROD Vegetation Management Decisions; *VEG-4; Manage the vegetation to attain the ecological stage that will benefit wildlife in crucial habitat and livestock grazing. Manage vegetation in remaining areas that results in high vegetation species diversity. *VEG-5; Allow mechanical, fire, biological, cultural or chemical methods for vegetation manipulation, using the type of manipulation appropriate t and consistent with other land use objectives, and incorporating standard operation procedures and BMP's, as applicable, to protect other resources. *VEG-9; Manage the vegetation to attain the ecological stage that will: ensure sustainability, meet authorized use allocations (wildlife,livestock),ensure species diversity. *VEG-13; Restore or rehabilitate up to 200,000 acres of sagebrush-steppe habitat over the life of the plan. Strategic Management Plan for Sage-Grouse *Objective B-1; Protect and maintain currently occupied sage grouse habitat and the ecosystems that sustain them, *B-1.3,A,#2;Manage to maintain/create large, un-fragmented blocks of sagebrush habitat with a variety of seral stages which will meet the seasonal needs of sage-grouse, *B-1.3,E; Reduce conifers that are encroaching on sagebrush habitats using appropriate methods, which may include: masticators, chains, chain saws, prescribed fire, etc., *Objective B-2.1,A;Increase the continuity of habitats by designing habitat projects on a landscape scale and working with multiple land management agencies, WRI, and private landowners, *B-2.3,A,#9;Restore habitats lost to :type conversion, conifer encroachment, invasive species expansion, wildlife, and development, *B-3.2,A;Coordinate with and utilize the WRI evaluation crew to monitor and evaluate vegetative and sage-grouse response to habitat improvement projects Conservation Plan for Greater Sage-grouse in Utah (2013) *Protection of habitat which provides for the year-round life-cycle needs of the species. The project will accomplish strategies in the Uintah Basin Sage Grouse Local *Working Group Sage Grouse Conservation Plan specifically Strategies improve brood rearing habitat through removing conifer encroachment,prevent P/J reestablishment. Elk Statewide Management Plan *Population Objective 1, Strategy C; Support objectives and strategies in this plan to protect elk habitat and mitigate losses, *Strategy D; Support habitat improvement projects that increase forage for both big game and livestock. *Habitat Objective 1, Maintain elk habitat throughout the state by identifying and protecting existing crucial elk habitat and mitigating for losses due to human impacts, *Habitat Objective 2, *Strategy A; Continue to support the interagency big game range trend study of crucial ranges throughout the state, *Strategy J; Support land management agencies in the proper management of crucial elk habitats. Deer Statewide Management Plan *Population Objective, Strategy B; Support all habitat objectives and strategies in this plan to protect and improve mule deer habitat.
List management plans where this project will address an objective or strategy in the plan. Describe how the project area overlaps the objective or strategy in the plan and the relevance of the project to the successful implementation of those plans. It is best to provide this information in a list format with the description immediately following the plan objective or strategy.
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Fire/Fuels
Pinyon-Juniper trees have been steadily encroaching over the last decade into Wyoming sagebrush habitat. As these trees increase in size and numbers, habitat values for wildlife and grazing are lost as available forage declines. In addition the increase in trees has also increased the hazardous fuel loading and the risk of an unplanned fire event has also been increased. As sagebrush ecosystems shift to mid-tree-dominance by PJ, fuel loads double. As they shift to full-tree-dominance, fuel loads double again. An unplanned fire event would result in the long term loss of Wyoming sagebrush, and the habitat values associated with this type. In PJ woodlands, the ability of understory plants to recover after disturbance rapidly declines after pre-fire tree cover reaches about 40 to 50 % (Fire Science Brief, Fire Science Program). 859 acres of Priortiy sage-grouse habitat could be lost.
If applicable, detail how the proposed project will significantly reduce the risk of fuel loading and/or continuity of hazardous fuels including the use of fire-wise species in re-seeding operations. Describe the value of any features being protected by reducing the risk of fire. Values may include; communities at risk, permanent infrastructure, municipal watersheds, campgrounds, critical wildlife habitat, etc. Include the size of the area where fuels are being reduced and the distance from the feature(s) at risk.
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Water Quality/Quantity
Studies have shown that the removal of PJ can improve watershed condition; enhanced water yield, enhanced groundwater recharge, reduction of trees reduces catastrophic wildlife, improved spring snow-melt flow. PJ can have a major impact on hydrology. The distribution and quantity of water that reaches the soil and other vegetation can be altered by the presence of PJ through many different avenues such as PJ canopy interception of precipitation, evapotranspiration, transpiration, and competition with understory vegetation for nutrients and water (Thurow and Hester 2015). This competition with understory vegetation can increase the amount of bare soil, which can lead to an increase in runoff, soil loss and erosion (Thurow and Hester 2015). Erosion can lead to a reduction in soil productivity and can also increase non-point source water pollution, thus having the potential to affect water quality within a watershed over time (Thurow and Hester 2015).
Describe how the project has the potential to improve water quality and/or increase water quantity, both over the short and long term. Address run-off, erosion, soil infiltration, and flooding, if applicable.
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Compliance
BLM has completed the NEPA and cultural resource (SHPO) requirements.
Description of efforts, both completed and planned, to bring the proposed action into compliance with any and all cultural resource, NEPA, ESA, etc. requirements. If compliance is not required enter "not applicable" and explain why not it is not required.
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Methods
The treatment will utilize a horizontal drum shredder (bullhog) to masticate 859 acres within the designated treatment area.
Describe the actions, activities, tasks to be implemented as part of the proposed project; how these activities will be carried out, equipment to be used, when, and by whom.
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Monitoring
line intercept transects stems per acre plots photo plots The tribal lands in this project will be required to monitor regrowth or missed pinion-juniper trees within the lop and scattered polygon on their property. All regrowth must be retreated by the tribe within 18 to 36 months after the initial lop and scatter and bullhog treatments. The tribe is also trying to start up their lek counts again, so they will hopefully be monitoring the leks on the tribal lands.
Describe plans to monitor for project success and achievement of stated objectives. Include details on type of monitoring (vegetation, wildlife, etc.), schedule, assignments and how the results of these monitoring efforts will be reported and/or uploaded to this project page. If needed, upload detailed plans in the "attachments" section.
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Partners
The project is supported by multiple partners.
List any and all partners (agencies, organizations, NGO's, private landowners) that support the proposal and/or have been contacted and included in the planning and design of the proposed project. Describe efforts to gather input and include these agencies, landowners, permitees, sportsman groups, researchers, etc. that may be interested/affected by the proposed project. Partners do not have to provide funding or in-kind services to a project to be listed.
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Future Management
Dependent of funding, Cottonwood Springs is a focus area for future years of PJ removal treatments for the BLM. The tribal lands in this project will be required to monitor regrowth or missed pinion-juniper trees within the lop and scattered polygon on their property. All regrowth must be retreated by the tribe within 18 to 36 months after the initial lop and scatter and bullhog treatments.
Detail future methods or techniques (including administrative actions) that will be implemented to help in accomplishing the stated objectives and to insure the long term success/stability of the proposed project. This may include: post-treatment grazing rest and/or management plans/changes, wildlife herd/species management plan changes, ranch plans, conservation easements or other permanent protection plans, resource management plans, forest plans, etc.
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Sustainable Uses of Natural Resources
There will be no changes to the current livestock grazing management. Existing management of the project area is determined to be adequate to ensure the success of the project. The proposed project is expected to ensure the continued availability for forage in the future for livestock which will result in the continued viability of the ongoing deferred rest grazing system. Currently, BLM, DNR, and the grazing permittee monitor cattle use in the area jointly and will continue to do so in the future.
Potential for the proposed action to improve quality or quantity of sustainable uses such as grazing, timber harvest, biomass utilization, recreation, etc. Grazing improvements may include actions to improve forage availability and/or distribution of livestock.
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Completion Form
Project Summary Report